專升本英語備考不僅需要掌握大量詞匯，一些基本語法時(shí)態(tài)也需要同學(xué)們掌握，下面是湖南專升本網(wǎng)整理的英語八大時(shí)態(tài)用法詳解，趕緊get 起來吧！

過去將來時(shí)

1. 概念：立足于過去某一時(shí)刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。

2. 時(shí)間狀語：the next day (morning, year), the following month (week)等。

3. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：

（1）主語+ was / were / going to do sth

（2）主語+ would do sth

否定形式：

（1）主語+ was / were / not + going to do sth

（2）主語+ would + not + do sth

一般疑問句：

（1）was或were放于句首；

（2）would 提到句首。

4. 用法：

（1）“would + 動(dòng)詞原形”常表示主觀意愿的將來。

如：He said he would come to see me. 他說他要來看我。

（2）“was / were + going to + 動(dòng)詞原形”常表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的事。

如：She said she was going to start off at once.

I was told that he was going to return home.

此結(jié)構(gòu)還可表示根據(jù)某種跡象來看，很可能或即將發(fā)生的事情。

如：It seemed as if it was going to rain. 看來好像要下雨。

（3）come，go，leave，arrive，start等瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞可用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去將來的含義。

如：He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.

She told me she was coming to see me.

    現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1. 概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且有可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

2. 時(shí)間狀語：recently, lately, since, for, in the past few years等。

3. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+ have / has + done +其他

否定形式：主語+ have / has + not +done +其他

一般疑問句：Have / Has +主語 + done +其他

4. since的三種用法：

（1） since +過去的一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980, last month, half past six)。

如：I have been here since 1989.

（2） since +一段時(shí)間+ ago。

如：I have been here since five months ago.

（3）since +從句（一般過去時(shí)）。

如：Great changes have taken place since you left.

比較since和for

since 用來說明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間，for用來說明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間的長度。

如：We haven’t had any guests since we moved in here.

I have lived here for more than twenty years.

注意：并非有for 作為時(shí)間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

I worked here for more than twenty years. (我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)

過去完成時(shí)

1. 概念：以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為參照，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過去某動(dòng)作之前已完成的動(dòng)作，即“過去的過去”。

2. 時(shí)間狀語：before, by the end of last year(term, month)等。

3. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+ had done +其他

否定形式：主語+ hadn’t done +其他

一般疑問句：had置于句首。

4. 用法：

（1）用于told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中。

如：She said (that) she had never been to Paris.

（2）在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先的動(dòng)作用過去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后的動(dòng)作用一般過去時(shí)。

如：When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.

（3）表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等用過去完成時(shí)表示“原本······，未能······”。

如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.

注意： had hardly… when ... 剛······就······。

如：I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我剛打開門，他就打了我。

had no sooner…than 剛······就······。

如：He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他剛買了這輛車，轉(zhuǎn)眼又賣了。

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

1. 概念：表示經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。

2. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：

（1）主語+ be動(dòng)詞（is / am / are）+表語

（2）主語+ 行為動(dòng)詞的原形或單數(shù)第三人稱形式+其他

否定形式：

（1）am / is /are + not；

（2）謂語動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加don’t，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesn’t，同時(shí)行為動(dòng)詞還原為原形。

3. 一般疑問句：

（1）把is / am / are動(dòng)詞放于句首；

（2）用助動(dòng)詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。

4. 用法：

（1）表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用。

如：I leave home for school at 7 every morning.

（2）表示客觀真理，客觀存在或科學(xué)事實(shí)。

如：The earth moves around the sun.

（3）表示格言或警句。

如：Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必?cái)　?/p>

注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時(shí)，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

如：Columbus proved that the earth is round.

（4）表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性等。

如：I don’t want so much.

Ann writes good English but does not speak well.

（5）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來含義

① come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示將來，主要用來表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。

如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.

— When does the bus star?

— It stars in ten minutes.

② 在時(shí)間或條件狀語句中。

如：When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.

I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there.

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