河南英語專升本考點(diǎn)非謂語動詞

瀏覽次數(shù):次 發(fā)布時(shí)間:2023-06-05

2023年河南專升本考試時(shí)間為4月2日,為了幫助考生能取得一個(gè)好成績,考生可在考前提前記憶一下,爭取考出高分。

河南英語專升本考點(diǎn)非謂語動詞(圖1)

非謂語動詞 —— 動名詞

1. 動名詞的構(gòu)成和特征

動名詞一般由“動詞原形 +-ing”構(gòu)成。及物動詞的動名詞可以帶賓語,也可以被狀語修飾。不及物動詞的動名詞不可以帶賓語,但可以被狀語修飾;若要帶賓語,則應(yīng)加上相應(yīng)的介詞。帶有賓語或狀語的動名詞稱為動名詞短語,如 reading a book slowly。其否定式是在動名詞前加 not。

2. 動名詞的句法功能

動名詞在句中起名詞的作用,可以作主語、表語、定語、動詞賓語和介詞賓語。

(1)作主語。

①動名詞(短語)作主語一般直接放在句首,謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。

Refusing invitations is not always easy.

拒絕邀請并不總是容易的。

Having confidence in yourself is the secret of success. 相信自己是成功的秘訣。

Saying "I' m sorry" is very difficult, but all you need is just courage.

說對不起很難,但你需要的只是勇氣。

Drinking too much alcohol is harmful to one's health. 飲酒過多對健康有害。

注意:動名詞與不定式都可以作句子的主語,其區(qū)別在于:動名詞作主語常表示一般的或習(xí)慣性的動作,不定式作主語常表示具體的、某一次的或?qū)淼膭幼?。如?/p>

Getting up early is considered a good habit.

早起被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)好習(xí)慣。

To accept their offer will be foolish.

接受他們的提議是愚蠢的。

知識拓展

動名詞也可以有邏輯主語,一般規(guī)則是:

邏輯主語是有生命的名詞或代詞時(shí),用名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞。動名詞若作主語,其邏輯主語是名詞時(shí)只能用所有格形式。動名詞若作賓語,其邏輯主語是名詞時(shí)也可不用所有格形式,直接用名詞即可;其邏輯主語是代詞時(shí)也可用賓格。如:

Her coming here will be a great help.

她到這里來將大有幫助。

Mary's coming home is a great pleasure for her family, especially for her parents.

瑪麗回家這件事她的家人,尤其是她的父母,非常高興。

I don't like Jack and Tom speaking ill of each other in public places.

我不喜歡杰克和湯姆在公共場合說彼此的壞話。

His wife doesn't like his/ him playing computer games.

他的妻子不喜歡他玩電腦游戲。

②在 It is no use(no good,a waste of time)+doing... 結(jié)構(gòu)中,It 作形式主語,真正的主語是后面動名詞(短語).

It is no use worrying about something that hasn't happened yet.

為還沒有發(fā)生的事情擔(dān)心是無用的。

It is no good learning without practice.

只學(xué)習(xí)不實(shí)踐是無益的。

It is a waste of time asking him for help.

向他請求幫助是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。

③ There is no doing... 為常見結(jié)構(gòu),相當(dāng)于 It is impossible to do...。

There is no denying that quicker action could have saved them.

無可否認(rèn),如果行動快一點(diǎn),本來是救得了他們的。

There is no accounting for taste. 人各有所好。

(2)作表語。

Her job is washing clothes, cleaning and taking care of the children.

她的工作是洗衣服 打掃衛(wèi)生和照顧孩子。

The real difficulty is getting to know the needs of the customers.

真正的難題是了解客戶的需求。

(3)作定語。

有時(shí)動名詞還可以放在名詞之前作定語,如 reading materials(閱讀材料), teaching methods(教

學(xué)方法)等。

A washing machine can help you save a lot of time and energy.

洗衣機(jī)可以幫助你節(jié)省很多時(shí)間和精力。

No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.

閱覽室里不準(zhǔn)任何人大聲喧嘩。

(4)作動詞賓語。

①以下及物動詞(短語)常用動名詞作賓語,而不能用動詞不定式作賓語,如 admit,advise,advocate(提 倡),allow,appreciate,avoid,consider, delay,deny, discuss, dislike,enjoy,escape,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,permit,postpone,practise/practice,prevent,quit,recall,resent(憤恨),resist, risk, suggest,tolerate, can 't help(忍不住)等。

We don't allow smoking in the hall.

我們不準(zhǔn)(有人)在大廳里抽煙。

I don't appreciate being treated like a second-class citizen.

我不愿被人當(dāng)作二等公民對待。

She imagined walking into the office and handing in her resignation.

她想象著自己走進(jìn)辦公室,遞交辭呈。

Do you mind passing me that dictionary?

你介意把那本詞典遞給我嗎?

The manager doesn't permit giving advice in public. 這位經(jīng)理不允許公開提建議。

記一記

后接動名詞作賓語的動詞(短語):

憤恨討論停止做,阻止抵抗否避開,

建議考慮堅(jiān)持練,允許想象不冒險(xiǎn),

不禁介意保持完,承認(rèn)錯(cuò)過心喜歡,

回憶感激又逃避,厭惡容許又延期。

②有些動詞后既可用不定式又可用動名詞作賓語,但意義差別較大。

forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事

go on to do sth. 做完一件事后繼而去做另一事

forget doing sth. 忘記已做過某事

go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做一直在做的事

mean to do sth 打算做某事

remember to do sth 記得要去做某事

stop to do sth 停下手中的事去做其他的事

mean doing sth 意味著做某事

remember doing sth 記得曾經(jīng)做過某事

stop doing sth 停下手中正在做的事情

regret to do sth 因?qū)⒁プ瞿呈露械竭z憾

try to do sth 努力去做某事

regret doing sth 因做了某事而后悔

try doing sth 試著做某事

can't help(to)do sth 不能幫助做某事

can't help doing sth 忍不住做某事

We mean to call on you tomorrow.

我們打算明天去拜訪你。

Being active in the discussion doesn't mean talking without aims.

積極參與討論并不意味著漫無目的地講話。

I regret to inform you that your contract will not be renewed.

我遺憾地通知你,你的合同將不予續(xù)簽。

I don't regret telling her what I thought.

我不為告訴了她我的想法而后悔。

注意:be/ get used to doing sth. 表示習(xí)慣于做某事”;be used to do sth. 表示“被用來做某事”;

used to do sth 表示“過去常常做某事”。如:

My elder brother is used to getting up early.

我哥哥習(xí)慣早起。

This machine is used to clean the wall.

這臺機(jī)器是用來清理墻壁的 .

My elder brother used to get up early.

過去我哥哥經(jīng)常早起。

注意:常見的其后既可跟不定式又可跟動名詞的動詞有:like,love,hate, prefer,continue,

bother,intend,begin,start,propose(打算)等。

(5)作介詞賓語。

①動名詞也可以作介詞的賓語,構(gòu)成介詞短語,一起在句中作定語、狀語或表語。

Man's dream of flying in space has come true. 人類太空飛行的夢想已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了。

She left without telling us in advance. 她沒有提前告知我們就離開了。

Reading a good book is like talking with a wise person.

讀一本好書就像和一位智者談話 .

②動名詞作介詞的賓語,常用在某些詞組后面。這類詞組主要有:succeed in, insist on,feel like,apologize for,approve/disapprove of,give up,keep on,put off,attach importance to,be accustomed/used to,devote...to/be devoted to, confess to,in addition to,lead to,look forward to,object to,pay attention to,be opposed to, be worthy of,stick to,take to(養(yǎng)成……習(xí)慣), the approach/solution/ key to 等。

注意:這類詞組中的to 為介詞后應(yīng)加doing,不要將其當(dāng)作不定式的標(biāo)志,而誤用不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。

She apologizes for breaking the new vase.

她為打碎了那個(gè)新花瓶而道歉。

I was accustomed to staying up late when was at university. 上大學(xué)時(shí)我習(xí)慣熬夜。

③在下 列 句 型 中 應(yīng) 使 用 動 名 詞 作 賓 語:have(no)difficulty/(no)trouble/no problem/fun/

pleasure/a hard time/a good time (in) doing sth., be busy doing sth., spend some time(in)doing sth.,there is no point(in)doing sth., when it comes to doing sth. 等。

They had hard time walking out of the forest.

他們艱難地走出了森林。

He is busy preparing for the coming exams.

他正忙著準(zhǔn)備即將到來的考試。

She spends her spare time volunteering in the community.她利用業(yè)余時(shí)間在社區(qū)做志愿者。

There is no point considering these unimportant details.考慮這些細(xì)枝末節(jié)是沒有意義的。

3. 動名詞的時(shí)態(tài)

(1)動名詞的一般式。

動名詞的一般式的結(jié)構(gòu)為“動詞原形 +-ing",所表示的動作通常與謂語動詞表示的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生。

I approve of his joining in the project.( joining in 與 approve of 同時(shí)發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生)

我同意他參加這項(xiàng)工程。

I am thinking of getting a new dictionary.( getting 發(fā)生在 am thinking of 之后)

我正在考慮買一本新詞典。

(2)動名詞的完成式。

動名詞的完成式的結(jié)構(gòu)為“having+ 過去分詞”所表示的動作通常在謂語動詞表示的動作之前發(fā)生。

He accused me of having broken my word.( having broken 發(fā)生在 accused 之前)

他指責(zé)我不守承諾。

He never talks to me about his having been to Paris.( having been to 發(fā)生在 talks 之前)

他從未告訴我他去過巴黎。

4. 動名詞的被動語態(tài)

當(dāng)動名詞的邏輯主語(可以依據(jù)句子的主語,或者修飾動名詞的物主代詞、代詞賓格、名詞或名詞所有格判斷)是動名詞所表示動作的承受者時(shí),動名詞一般要用被動形式( “being+ 過去分詞”或“having been+ 過去分詞”)。

Respecting others in life means being respected.

在生活中尊重他人意味著得到尊重。

After having been interviewed,she was offered the job.

面試后,她得到了那份工作。

I heard of his having been chosen to be coach of the team.

我聽說他被選為該隊(duì)的教練了。

知識拓展

動名詞在以下情況下用主動形式表示被動意義:

①當(dāng) need,want,require 意為“需要”,且其前面的主語是指物的名詞或代詞時(shí),其后應(yīng)用動名詞的主動形式作賓語表示被動意義,也可用不定式的被動式作賓語。如:

The report you have handed in needs explaining/to be explained in detail.

你遞交的這份報(bào)告需要詳細(xì)地解釋一下。

The lab of our school requires repairing/ to be repaired.

我們學(xué)校的實(shí)驗(yàn)室需要整修。

②在 sth.be worth doing 結(jié)構(gòu)中應(yīng)用動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義。如:

A lot of small towns in the area are definitely worth visiting.

這個(gè)地區(qū)的許多小鎮(zhèn)確實(shí)值得一游。

以上就是“河南英語專升本考點(diǎn)非謂語動詞”的全部內(nèi)容。


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