英語語法——定語從句

1.定語從句的概念：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。

2.先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。

3.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的連詞叫關(guān)系詞。如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等。

4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 that指人也指物which指物who指人whom指人，做賓語whose指人或物，做定語

1.先行詞是物時，一般情況既可用that也可用which.但下列情況下，只能用that不用which。 1).當(dāng)先行詞為指物的不定代詞，如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等時，只能用that。 There is nothing ______ I can do for you . 2).當(dāng)先行詞被the only、the very 、the last、all、no、little等詞修飾時，只能用that。 This is the very book ______ I’m looking for . 3).先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時，只能用that 。 This is the first nextbook ______ I studied in the middle school . 4).先行詞為最高級或被最高級修飾時，只能用that。 This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen .= I have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian . 5).先行詞既有人也有物時，只能that 。 He told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had .

2.先行詞是物時，一般情況既可用that也可用which.但下列情況下，只能用which不用that。 1).關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時，關(guān)系詞只能用which 。 This is the building in ______ he lives . 2).先行詞本身是that時，關(guān)系詞只能用which 。 The clock is that _____ tells the time . 3).引導(dǎo)非限定性的定語從句（先行詞是物且先行詞與關(guān)系詞用逗號隔開），關(guān)系詞用which。 His book , ______ was lost last week , has been found now.

3.先行詞是人時，一般情況下既可用who 也可用that 。但以下情況下，只能用who。 1).當(dāng)先行詞為those、one、ones、anyone且作主語時，一般用who 。 Those ______ are singing are all my classmates . 2).在there be 句型中，先行詞指人時，只能用who。指物時用that。 There is a girl ______ expects to see you . 3).當(dāng)先行詞是I、you、he、they等時，只能用who 。 He ______ plays with fire gets burned .

三、由關(guān)系副詞when、where、why引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 where = in / at +which when = in / on / at +which why = for + which

1.由where引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 1).先行詞是表示地點的名詞 2).在定語從句中作地點狀語 Is this the house ______ you lived ?= Is this the house _____ _____ you lived ? = Is this the house _____ you lived in ?

2.由when引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 1).先行詞是表示時間的名詞 2).在定語從句中作時間狀語 I will never forget the days ______ I met him .= I will never forget the days ____ ____ I met him. 注：先行詞是the last time 時，when 可省略。 When was the last time you saw the parrot ?

3.由why引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 先行詞為reason 時，一般用why 。 why在句中作原因狀語。 We don’t know the reason ______ they didn’t come .

四、注意事項： 1.關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作賓語時，?？墒÷浴?The story _____ he told was very popular . A.who B.whom C.whose D. /

2.that、who、which在定語從句中作主語時，定語從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致。 I loves singers who _______(write) their own songs . She is one of the girls who ______(study) hard .

3.在定語從句中不能出現(xiàn)代替先行詞的人稱代詞。 Will you please show me the book ______ yesterday? A. which you bought B. that you bought it C. you bought D. you bought it

4.定語從句中whose 的確定： 無論先行詞是人或物，在定語從句中做定語用whose。 判斷：看定語從句的主語前有無限定詞（my、your、Jim’s等），若沒有，則用whose 。 The girl _____ parents work in Beijing is Kate . A. who B. whose C. which D. that I know the boy . His handwriting is very good .= I know the boy ____ handwriting is very good.

定語從句練習(xí)題（附答案解析） 1． This is the only one of the students _____ the truth． A． that knows B． that know C． who know D． which knows

2． Do you know the girl _____? A． whom he often talk to B． to who he often talks C． to that he often talks D． he often talks to

3． The world _____ we live is made up of matter． A． on which B． of which C． at which D． in which

4． There are no children _____ love their parents． A． that do not B． who does not C． that D． who

5． I’m one of the boys _____ never late for school． A． that is B． who are C． who am D． who is

6． Abraham Lincoln， _____ led the United States _____ these years， was _____ of the greatest presidents． A． he；for；a B． whom；in；one C． who；at；one D． who；through；one

7． Who is the girl _____ wearing a red dress? A． whose B． that C． whom D． that’s

8． The old man _____ yesterday is a scientist． A． I spoke B． I spoke to C． whom I spoke D． that I spoke to him

9． The young man _____ is an engineer of our factory． A． that you just talked B． whom you just talked to C． which you just talked to D． who you just talked

10． The dictionary _____ is sold out in the bookshop． A． you need B． what you need C． which you need it D． that you need it

答案及解析： 1． 選A。the only one of the students是先行詞，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 2． 選D。關(guān)系代詞為whom或者that， 在從句中作介詞賓語，可以省略。 3． 選D。介詞in與live搭配，提到關(guān)系代詞之前。 4． 選A。children是先行詞，定語從句的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 5． 選B。boys是先行詞，定語從句的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 6． 選D。who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；through表示“經(jīng)過”。 7． 選D。that’s是定語從句的主語和謂語動詞。 8． 選B。關(guān)系代詞為whom或者that， 在從句中作介詞to的賓語，可以省略。 9． 選B。關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語，介詞不可省略。 10． 選A。關(guān)系代詞為that或者which， 在從句中作賓語，可以省略。

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